The following conditions are contraindicated for cryotherapy: Pregnancy, severe uncontrolled hypertension (BP> 180/100), acute or recent myocardial infarction (heart attack within 6 months), narrowing of valves, crescent-shaped aorta and mitral valve, unstable angina pectoris, arrhythmias, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, cardiac pacemaker, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, venous thrombosis, acute or recent cerebrovascular accident (stroke: must be cleared for exercise), uncontrolled seizures, Raynaud’s syndrome, fever, tumor disease, symptomatic lung disorders, bleeding disorders, severe anemia, infection, claustrophobia, cold allergy, acute kidney and urinary tract diseases, incontinence, age less than 18 years (parental consent required).